#include <exception>
#include <new>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>

struct Foo
{
  // hack it so the constructor will throw an exception on the 2nd iteration
  Foo()
  {
    std::cout << "Foo::Foo" << std::endl;
    static int count = 1;
    if ( count++ == 2 )
    {
      throw count;
    }
  }
  ~Foo()
  {
    std::cout << "Foo::~Foo" << std::endl;
  }

  int x;
};

// overriding the global operator new function
void* operator new (size_t size) throw(std::bad_alloc)
{
  std::cout << "my allocation function called\n";

  // hack it so it appears there is no memory after 4 iterations
  static int count = 1;
  if ( count++ > 4 )
  {
    throw std::bad_alloc();
  }

  void *p = malloc(size);

  if (p==0)
  {
    throw std::bad_alloc();
  }

  return p;
}

// overriding the global operator delete function
void operator delete (void *p) throw()
{
  std::cout << "my deallocation function called\n";

  free(p);
}


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  Foo* fp;
  for (int i = 0 ; i < 7; i++)
  {
    std::cout << "=======================================================" << std::endl;

    try
    {
      fp = new Foo;
      fp->x = i;
      std::cout << fp->x << std::endl;
      delete fp;
    }
    catch(std::bad_alloc e)
    {
      std::cout << "caught bad_alloc exception" << std::endl;
    }
    catch(int x)
    {
      std::cout << "constructor threw" << std::endl;
    }

    std::cout << "=======================================================" << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}